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A brief basic introduction to the planning process in Ontario which specifies the roles of the provincial, regional and municipal governments as required by the Ontario Planning Act is presented. The role of zoning by-laws will be briefly examined as they affect residential, commercial, industrial and institutional developments. Basic concepts of traditional residential planning will be studied along with new concepts of community planning. Students will examine the principles of a functional site plan involving the many variables that can affect construction. The fundamentals of the methods and techniques of site analysis and planning with particular attention to natural systems and physiographic factors are presented. Soil characteristics, excavating, foundation construction and treatments, and site grading are also covered.